Early Smartphone - Under the Hood

Almost all mobile phones that we see today are 'smart'. :) Well, if a phone can play music, movies and games, can store unlimited contacts, let us browse the internet, write notes and documents, and let us install apps to do whatever else we want to do, ought to be smart. Don't you agree?

Mobile phones in early days were not all that 'smart', or shall we say multi-functional, though they were no doubt good at whatever they were intended to do. One of the earliest smart phones just combined a phone and a PDA (personal digital assistant) into the same device. One of the earliest PDAs were running the Palm OS (like some of us run Windows on our PCs today). The Palm OS could recognize gestures written using a stylus, it was touch enabled, had a web browser to browse the internet, and allowed applications and games to be installed by users.

Since when I was a child, I always took apart things to see what was inside. I had one such palm based smart phone long time ago, which went bad and could not be repaired. In this article, I'll take it apart to show you what it looked like under the hood - just for curiosity's sake.

1. This is how the phone looked. It was a bulky flip phone. The top portion had a touch sensitive screen. The bottom portion had the keypad and a small touch sensitive area for scribbling with the stylus.

2. The back cover removed. You can see the stylus tucked in on one side and the antenna on the other side. At the top you can see a small motor with a small semicircular weight at its tip. This is used to vibrate the phone when in vibrator mode. When the motor rotates, the non uniform rotational force caused by the semicircular weight vibrates the phone.

3. This is the back side of the circuit board after removing the back cover. We can see the connectors used for the battery, the antenna and the vibrator.

4. The top circuit board removed. This is the front side where we can see the components attached to the board. The large square chip with 'Qualcomm' written on it signifies that this is the board for the mobile phone circuit (Qualcomm makes mobile phone chips). The long white strip has a series of connectors that are used to make contact with the next circuit board.

5. The two circuit boards are separated with an aluminum layer that also probably acts as a shield for electrical fields. Since the mobile phone circuit deals with pretty strong electro-magnetic fields, it was probably necessary to isolate the other circuits from it. Do you notice the thick copper lines in the circuit above? The ridges on the aluminium separator match the copper lines exactly. That's the ground connector.

6. This is the 2nd circuit board for the Palm based PDA. Here the large square chip with 'Dragonball' written on it is the CPU of the PDA. The metallic clip like device held memory card (SD card). The battery charging and external connector terminals are connected to this circuit. It also is connected to another small LCD display that displays short information strings like the caller Id, battery charging indicator and such stuff which can be seen without opening the flap.

7. This is the keypad. Each key is a small switch with the concentric circles forming the terminals. The keypad has a conducting plate at the bottom of each key that connect the terminals when pressed.

After taking the pictures, I carefully put the circuit back as it was. Weren't the components on the circuit board tiny? Newer phones have even more compact circuits. Today more and more of the circuits are being crammed into tiny integrated circuits (ICs - the black squarish components that you saw). They make electronic items smaller, cheaper to manufacture, and consume less power than larger components.

Sadly though, as components become cheaper and better with time, people find it easier to just throw old equipments and buy new ones in their place. So like plastics, we are slowly filling our junkyards with lots of electronic waste. The right thing to do would be to use gadgets for as long as possible, and when we replace a working gadget, we should pass the old one to someone who can make use of it. If it is not working, we should give it to someone who can recycle it appropriately.

In my case, though the phone didn't work, the palm PDA was working. I will be cleaning and restoring it before giving it off to be used by some kid who cannot afford a PDA. In future articles, I will be opening and showing you what lies under the hood of a few other items that I had.

Why don't we eat flowers?

Think of some plant products that we eat. Chances are it is either a fruit, seed, leaf or roots of a plant. Rarely do we eat flowers. Why so?

Fruits and seeds are storehouses of energy. Fruits are intended to be eaten by others, so that the seeds get dispersed far and wide. Seeds are intended to store food for the sprout that grows from them.

The roots that we eat (potato, beet, carrot) are actually specialized roots that store energy too. That's why they are rather unusually shaped and much larger than roots of other plants.

Leaves are the kitchen of the plant. Leaves do not have too much energy in them, but they have many essential minerals and vitamins that we need to repair our body and carry out subtle chemical wizardry in our brains and glands. Leaves also have fibres that help keep our digestive system in good shape. And hey, leaves are available in plenty!

Flowers are however small in size. They are not available all the time of the year. Moreover, flowers don't last long, usually a day or two. That makes it difficult for us to gather enough quantity of flowers to make a meal.

Think about what purpose a flower serves to a plant. It is mostly to attract insects for pollination. The flower is therefore specialized for that purpose, having scents, colors, fluorescence and what not to get those bees to notice them. They are laden with chemicals. There's no energy - like carbohydrates, no proteins either which help us build our body, and usually not much minerals/vitamins. So if we eat flowers, we don't really get anything much of use. Rather, we are in the danger of having an overdose of strange chemicals that the flower may have, which can make us sick.

 It is like this not only for humans, but for most animals. It is how plants have evolved to ensure that the flowers don't get eaten away before they had a chance to bear fruits and seeds. Very clever, isn't it? Well, nature had all the time to learn from itself and set things to perfection!

We have leant not to have flowers as their main diet. Flowers are like spices. They taste and smell good in small quantities. But we can't tolerate too much of them.

There are some flowers we eat as accompaniments and flavoring agents. Rose petals, and marigold petals are used with milk and sometimes pickled. Jasmine is used to flavor tea. Saffron is used to flavor and color delicacies.

There are also some flowers that are eaten in slightly larger quantities. Cauliflower is a common example. Cauliflower is really not a flower, it is just the part of the plant that holds the flowers. The real cauliflower flower is too small to be eaten. Banana flowers are are also eaten, but it requires lot of preparation to remove the caustic flower parts. Neem flowers are also eaten in some places, but in small quantities because of their bitter taste.

Do you know of any flowers that you eat? Tell us!

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Multimedia credits:
http://katiedeboer.com/blog/tag/flowers/
Science photo library
Britannica Encyclopedia